What is ABA?
“ABA” stands for Applied Behavior Analysis. ABA is a set of principles that form the basis for many behavioral treatments. ABA is based on the science of learning and behavior. This science includes general “laws” about how behavior works and how learning takes place. ABA therapy applies these laws to behavior treatments in a way that helps to increase useful or desired behaviors. ABA also applies these laws to help reduce behaviors that may interfere with learning or behaviors that may be harmful. ABA therapy is used to increase language and communication skills. It is also used to improve attention, focus, social skills, memory, and academics. ABA can be used to help decrease problem behaviors.
ABA is considered an evidence-based “best” practice treatment by the US Surgeon General and by the American Psychological Association. “Evidence based” means that ABA has passed scientific tests of its usefulness, quality, and effectiveness.
ABA therapy includes many different techniques. All of these techniques focus on antecedents (what happens before a behavior occurs) and on consequences (what happens after the behavior). One technique is “positive reinforcement.” When a behavior is followed by something that is valued (a reward), that behavior is more likely to be repeated. ABA uses positive reinforcement in a way that can be measured in order to help bring about meaningful behavior change.
A few types of therapies based on ABA principles are discrete trial learning, incidental teaching (or natural environment training), verbal behavior, pivotal response training, functional communication training, and more.
Components of Effective ABA Programming
Supervision - Each individual receiving services is overseen by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and has extensive experience in the field.
Training - All support staff receive extensive training with ongoing support and monitoring by a BCBA or BCaBA for the duration of the program.
Functional Programming - Programs are created to individualize the strengths and needs of the learner. Goals are developed to be relevant, beneficial, and functional for each individual.
Data Collection - Data is collected on each individual’s specific goals related to skill development and behavior reduction. Data is recorded and analyzed on a regular basis to measure progress and evaluate programming needs.
Family Training - Caregivers are an integral part of programming. They are informed, trained, and supported to help each individual receiving programming.
Team Meetings - Regular team meetings are essential to informed decision making and progress monitoring. These meetings include supervisors, staff members, and involved caregivers.